Imboni yezimayela eNingizimu Afrika iyisisekelo somnotho wezwe, eyaziwa emhlabeni wonke ngamatshe ayigugu ayigugu, i-platinum, namadayimane. Noma kunjalo, imiphumela ekhulayo yokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu ibeka izinselele ezinkulu kulo mkhakha obalulekile. Kusukela ekushodeni kwamanzi kuya ezenzakalweni ezinzima zesimo sezulu, imisebenzi yezimayela ibhekana nezingozi ezisongela ukuzinza kokusebenza kwayo kanye nomthelela wayo kwezomnotho. Lesi sihloko sihluza izingozi eziningi zokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu ezibhekene nendawo yezimayela yaseNingizimu Afrika, sigcizelela isidingo samasu okuzivumelanisa nezimo kanye nezinto ezintsha ezisimeme ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikusasa eliqinile.

Izinguquko zesimo sezulu zibonakala kakhulu ngokushintsha kwezimo zezulu kanye nokuncipha kokutholakala kwamanzi, zombili izinto ezibalulekile emisebenzini yokumba. Ukushoda kwamanzi, ikakhulukazi, kuthinta kakhulu izinqubo zokukhipha amaminerali, ezidinga ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi amaningi ekucubunguleni izimbiwa nasekuvimbeleni uthuli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimo zezulu ezinzima njengezikhukhula neziphepho ezinamandla zilimaza ingqalasizinda yemayini futhi zibeka izingozi zokuphepha kubasebenzi. Ukuzinza kokusebenza kwezimayini, okuhlanganisa nezinye zezimayini ezijulile eNingizimu Afrika, kusezingeni eliphezulu njengoba le micindezelo yesimo sezulu iqhubeka nokwanda. Izinkampani zezimayini kufanele zikwazi ukubhekana nalezi zimo ezingalindelekile ukuze zigcine ukukhiqiza futhi ziqinisekise ukuphepha kwabasebenzi.

Ezingxenyeni ezifana neKimberley, edume ngomlando wayo wokumba amadayimane, ukushintshashintsha kwesimo sezulu kungathinta imisebenzi yokumba ezindaweni ezivulekile nezingaphansi komhlaba. Izimvula ezinkulu ezingalindelekile zingadala izikhukhula ezindaweni zokumba, kanti isomiso eside sivimbela izinqubo ezidinga amanzi. Ukumba i-platinum eNingizimu Afrika, okugxile kakhulu eBushveld Complex, nakho kubhekana nalezi zinselelo, okudinga ukuphathwa kahle kwamanzi namandla ezakhiwo. Ubunzima bezi zingozi zemvelo budinga izindlela ezihlanganisiwe ezibandakanya ukubambisana nababambiqhaza kanye nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe ukuze kuncishiswe imiphumela.

Ukwemba kusengumuntu obalulekile ekunikeleni kwezwe lakwaNingizimu Afrika ku-Gross Domestic Product (GDP), okunikeza imisebenzi ezinkulungwaneni zabantu futhi kusekele izimboni eziningi ezihlobene. Ukukhiqiza igolide, okwakuyisisekelo somnotho, kuyaqhubeka nokuba nokubaluleka, kanye nokwanda kwe-platinum nokwemba amadayimane. Ukuqina komnotho wezimboni kubalulekile ekuzinzeni kwezwe lakwaNingizimu Afrika, okwenza kube kubalulekile ukubhekana nezingozi zokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu ezingalimaza amazinga okukhiqiza, ukukhanga kwezimali, kanye nemali engenayo yokuthekelisa.

Imiphumela yezenzakalo zezomnotho idlulela ngale kwemali engenayo eqondile yemayini, ithinta imiphakathi yasendaweni ngokudala imisebenzi kanye nentuthuko yengqalasizinda. Izinkampani ezifana ne-广州市银鸥选矿科技有限公司 (Guangzhou Yinou Mineral Processing Technology Co., Ltd.) zinikela ku-value chain yemayini ngokuhlinzeka ngemishini ethuthukisiwe yokucubungula amaminerali, njengezishutha ezine-patent, ezithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokutholwa kwe-ore futhi zisekele izindlela zokumba ezinqamulayo. Ubuchwepheshe babo bungasiza imisebenzi yokumba ukuthi izivumelanise nemikhawulo yezinsiza eyenziwe yimiphumela yesimo sezulu, kugcizelelwa indima ebalulekile yokuqamba izinto ezintsha emkhakheni.

Ukubhekana komkhakha wezokumba nezingozi ezibangelwa yizimo zezulu kuqhubeka nokuba yinkinga yokuphepha emsebenzini kanye nokuphumelela kokusebenza. Izikhukhula ezinzima zenza kube nezingozi zempilo kubagibeli abasebenza phansi noma emisebenzini ephakeme, kanti izimo zomhlaba ezingazinzile zandisa amathuba okuphazamiseka. Imayini ejulile kakhulu eNingizimu Afrika ibhekene nezinselelo ezikhethekile ngenxa yokujula kwayo okukhulu kanye nezidingo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuhambisa umoya, eziphinde ziqiniswa ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu.

Ukuphazamiseka kokusebenza ngenxa yezimo zezulu ezinzima kungaholela ekuphumeleni okukhulu, ukulimala kwemishini, kanye nezinkinga zokuhlela. Izinkampani zokumba kumele zisebenzise izinhlelo zokuhlola ubungozi eziphelele ezihlanganisa ukubikezela kwesimo sezulu ukuze zivikele izikhungo nempilo yabasebenzi. Izinhlelo zokubheka ezithuthukisiwe kanye nokulungiselela izimo eziphuthumayo ziyizici ezibalulekile ekuphatheni lezi zingozi ezilindelekile kodwa eziqhubekayo.

Ukuphathwa kwamanzi cishe kuyinselele enkulu embonini yezimayela ngaphansi kwezimo zezulu ezishintshayo. Izinqubo zezimayela zidinga imiqulu emikhulu yamanzi, kodwa iNingizimu Afrika ibhekwa njengezwe elinokushoda kwamanzi, lapho izifunda eziningi zezimayela zibhekana nokuncintisana okunamandla ngalo mphakathi obalulekile. Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi okungasebenzi kahle kanye nezingozi zokungcola kwenza isimo sibe nzima nakakhulu, kusongela ukusimama kwemvelo kanye nokuthobela imithetho.

Ukubhekana nalezi zinselele, izinkampani zezimayela zamukela ubuchwepheshe bokugaywa kabusha kwamanzi, ukuqoqwa kwamanzi emvula, kanye namasu okuthola amanzi angaphandle. Ukubambisana nabahlinzeki bezobuchwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe ekuthuthukiseni ukucubungulwa kwemaminerali, njenge 广州市银鸥选矿科技有限公司, kusiza ukusetshenziswa kwemishini eyenzelwe ukuhlukanisa amaminerali ngendlela esebenza kahle ngamanzi. Lezi zinhlelo azisinciphisi kuphela ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kodwa futhi zinciphisa nomthelela wezimayela emvelweni.

Ukuqina kwezakhiwo zokumba kubaluleke kakhulu ekuzivumelaniseni noshintsho lwesimo sezulu. Izindawo eziningi ezikhona aziklanyelwanga ukuthi zakwazi ukumelana nokwanda kwezehlakalo zezulu eziyingozi noma izikhathi ezinde zokoma. Lokhu kudala isidingo esiphuthumayo sokuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokudonsa amanzi, ukuqinisa izakhiwo, kanye nobuchwepheshe obusebenzisa ugesi ngendlela efanele.

Ukusungula izinto kudlala indima enkulu emakhasimende embonini ukuze izimisele. Izinqubo zokumba izimbiwa ezisimeme manje zihlanganisa ukuhlanganiswa kwamandla avuselelekayo, ukuqapha okudijithali, kanye nokuzenzakalela ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza futhi kuncishiswe ukukhishwa. Ngokwesibonelo, izikhalu ezithuthukisiwe ezivela ezinkampanini ezifana ne-ALICOCO, ezaziwa ngekhwalithi nezixazululo ezisebenzayo zemvelo zokucubungula amaminerali, zisekela ukutholwa okuthuthukisiwe kwe-ore ngomthelela omncane emvelweni. Ubuchwepheshe obunjalo bukhulisa ukusebenza kahle ngenkathi buhambisana nezinjongo ezibanzi zemvelo.

Ishishini lokumba eNingizimu Afrika likwi-critically juncture, libhekene nezingozi eziningi ezibangelwa ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Ukubhekana nokushoda kwamanzi, ukuvikela ukuzinza kokusebenza, nokuthuthukisa izinsiza kuyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe iminikelo yezezimali kanye nezibopho zomphakathi zalesi sikhungo. Ukwamukela ubuchwepheshe obusha, njengemishini yokucubungula imayini ethuthukile kanye nezindlela ezisimeme, kuvumela ukusebenza kwemayini ukuba kwakhe ukumelana nezinsongo zesimo sezulu ezingalindelekile.

Amakampani afana ne-广州市银鸥选矿科技有限公司 akhombisa ubudlelwano obubalulekile phakathi kwabaphakeli bezobuchwepheshe kanye nezinkampani zokumba ezidingekayo ukuze kudlulelwe kulezi zinkinga. Kubabambiqhaza abafuna ukuqonda okujulile nezixazululo ezisebenzayo, ukuhlola izinsiza ezifana ne-ALICOCO Ikhaya ikhasi linikeza ulwazi oluwusizo ngemicimbi ethuthukisiwe yokucubungula imayini ehlelelwe umhlaba wokumba ohlangabezana nezinguquko.