Ukwemba amatshe ensimbi kuyimboni ebalulekile eyakha umgogodla womkhakha wokukhiqiza insimbi emhlabeni wonke. Njengoba kuyinto eningi kakhulu emhlabeni, amatshe ensimbi abalulekile ekukhiqizeni insimbi, esetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakheni, ezokuthutha, kanye nokukhiqiza. Ukubaluleka kokwemba amatshe ensimbi kudlula inani layo lezomnotho; kusekela ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda nokukhula kwezimboni emhlabeni wonke. Ngenxa yobubaluleke bayo, ukuqhubeka nokuqamba izinto ezintsha nokuzivumelanisa nezimo zemakethe kubalulekile ukuze kugcinwe imisebenzi yokwemba. Lesi sihloko sihluza izinto ezintsha zakamuva, izimo zemakethe, imizamo yokusimama, imithetho, kanye nezibonelo ezibalulekile ekwembeni amatshe ensimbi, sinikeza ukuqonda okuphelele kubantu abathintekayo emkhakheni.

Imakethe yomhlaba wonke ye-iron ore ithonywa izinto eziningana, okubalwa isidingo esivela emikhakheni yokwakha nezimoto, intuthuko kwezepolitiki, kanye nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe. Njengelinye lamazwe akhiqiza i-iron ore enkulu emhlabeni, amazwe afana ne-Australia, i-Brazil, kanye nabadlali abasafufusa njenge-Guinea enesimayini ye-Simandou iron, adlala indima enkulu ekubumbeni ukuhlinzekwa kanye nokubeka amanani. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkampani ezifana ne-广州市银鸥选矿科技有限公司 zinikela ngobuchwepheshe bemigodi kanye nentuthuko yokucubungula, zithuthukisa amazinga emboni. Ukuqonda lezi zici ezixhumene kubalulekile ukuze amabhizinisi akwazi ukuzulazula kahle emqhudelwaneni.

Imboni yokumba amatshe ensimbi ibhekene nokuguquka okusheshayo kwezobuchwepheshe okuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle, ukuphepha, nokuphathwa kwemvelo. Ubuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu njengokugadla okuzenzakalelayo, imishini esebenza ngokuqhela, nokumiswa kwamatshe okusekelwe ku-AI kuvumela ukukhipha okunembayo kwezindawo zamatshe. Lezi zinto ezintsha zinciphisa izindleko zokusebenza futhi zinciphise ukukhiqizwa kukadoti, okwenza izinqubo zokumba zibe zisimeme kakhudlwana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, intuthuko ezindleleni zokuthuthukisa amatshe, okuhlanganisa ukuhlukaniswa okunamandla kakhulu kwe-magnetic kanye ne-flotation, kuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yamatshe namazinga okubuyiselwa.

Izinkampani ezifana ne-广州市银鸥选矿科技有限公司 zikhethekile kwezobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bokucubungula amaminerali, okuhlanganisa nezishutha ezine-patent eziklanyelwe ukuhlukanisa ngempumelelo amaminerali ayinsimbi namanye amaminerali ngokusekelwe emandleni adonsela phansi. Lezi zixazululo ezintsha azigcini nje ngokwenza ngcono ukutholwa kwezinsiza kodwa futhi kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla namanzi ngesikhathi sokucubungula. Ukuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obunjalo emisebenzini yokumba kusiza ekufezeni izindinganiso eziqinile zemvelo ngenkathi kugcinwa inzuzo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-digitalization kanye ne-real-time data analytics zidlala indima ebalulekile ekugadeni imisebenzi yokumba. Ama-sensor namadivayisi e-IoT ahlinzeka ngempendulo eqhubekayo ngempilo yezinto zokusebenza, ikhwalithi yamaminerali, kanye nezimo zemvelo, okuvumela ukwenziwa kwezinqumo ngendlela engoqobo. Ukuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe lokhu kusekela ushintsho lomkhakha olubheke ezimayini ezihlakaniphile, lapho i-automation kanye nemininingwane esekelwe kudatha kukhulisa ukukhiqiza futhi kunciphise ubungozi babantu.

Imakethe yensimbi okwamanje ilawulwa ukushintshashintsha kokufunwa, okuthonywa izindlela zokukhula komnotho womhlaba wonke nemijikelezo yokutshalwa kwezimali kwengqalasizinda. Ukwanda kwezimboni e-Asia, ikakhulukazi iChina neNdiya, kuyaqhubeka nokukhuthaza ukufunwa kwensimbi. Iphrojekthi yemayini yensimbi iSimandou eGuinea imele ukwanda okubalulekile kokuhlinzekwa okulindeleke ukuthi kuthinte izimakethe zomhlaba ngokuhlinzeka ngensimbi esezingeni eliphezulu ngezindleko ezincintisanayo.

Ukwanda nokuncipha kwamanani kuhlala kuyisici esibalulekile semakethe, lapho ukushintshashintsha kubangelwa ukungezwani kwezepolitiki, izinqubomgomo zohwebo, kanye nokuphazamiseka kokuhlinzekwa. Ukufunwa kwensimbi esezingeni eliphezulu kuyanda njengoba abakhiqizi bensimbi befuna ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kanye nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle, ngaleyo ndlela bashintshe imakethe ibheke ezinsimini ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Abahlaziyi balindele ukukhula okuzinzile kokufunwa emashumini eminyaka alandelayo, kusekelwa ukwakhiwa kwamadolobha nokuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda emhlabeni wonke.

Kubathengi bezimayini, ukuqonda lezi zimo zemakethe kubalulekile ukuhlela izinhlelo zokukhiqiza namasu okutshala izimali. Ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bokucubungula kanye nezinqubo ezisimeme kungahlinzeka ngezinzuzo ezincintisanayo emakethe lapho izinto ezithinta imvelo ziba nezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu kubathengi kanye nabalawuli ngokufanayo.

Ukumba okusimeme akusaseyona inketho kodwa kuyisidingo esiyisisekelo ekukhipheni insimbi. Izinqubo zokumba ezihambisana nemvelo zigxila ekwehliseni umthelela omubi emvelweni ngokusebenzisa izinsiza ngempumelelo, ukunciphisa udoti, nokuvikela izinto eziphilayo. Izindlela ezifana nokubeka izinsalela ezomile, ukugaywa kabusha kwamanzi, kanye nokubuyiselwa komhlaba okuhleliwe ziba izindinganiso zemboni.

Izinkampani, okubalwa kuzo i-广州市银鸥选矿科技有限公司, zikhuthaza ngempela ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula amaminerali obusimeme obuthuthukisa ukutholwa ngenkathi kuncishiswa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi namandla. Ama-concentrator azo anama-spiral anelungelo lobunikazi afanekisela lezi zimiso, avumela ukuhlukaniswa okusebenzayo okunezici ezimbalwa zemvelo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthobela imithetho yezemvelo nokubandakanyeka komphakathi kuyizici ezibalulekile zamasu obusimeme. Imisebenzi yokumba yamukela ukubika okucacile futhi itshala amaphrojekthi entuthuko yomphakathi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ubudlelwano obuhle nelayisensi yokusebenza yomphakathi. Le ndlela ephelele yobusimeme iqinisekisa ukwenzeka kwesikhathi eside kokumba inhlabathi yensimbi.

Imithetho elawula imigodi yamalahle ayahlukahluka ngezwe kodwa ngokuvamile ihlanganisa izidingo eziqinile ezihlobene nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, ukuphepha kwabasebenzi, kanye nezimvume zokusebenza. Ohulumeni banemigomo ukuze balawule ukukhishwa, baphathe udoti, futhi baqinisekise ukusetshenziswa komhlaba okubhekelekayo. Ukwehluleka ukuthobela kungaholela ezijezisweni ezinkulu, ukubambezeleka kwamaphrojekthi, noma ukukhanselwa kwezilayisense.

Izinkampani zezimayini kumele zihambisane nezinhlaka eziyinkimbinkimbi zomthetho ngenkathi zihambisana namazinga omhlaba wonke njengezibonelo ze-ISO kanye ne-Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI). Le mithetho ikhuthaza ukucaca, ukuthola izinto ngokuziphatha, kanye nezinqubo zentuthuko ezisimeme.

Kulo mongo, ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuphambili nezinqubo ezisimeme kusiza ukuthobela imithetho. Ngokwesibonelo, ukusetshenziswa kwemishini ephumelelayo yokucubungula amaminerali kunciphisa ukungcola nemfucuza, kusiza izinkampani ukuthi zifeze amazinga ezemvelo. Ababambiqhaza bemboni kufanele bahlale benolwazi mayelana nemithetho eguqukayo ukuze babikezele izinguquko futhi bagcine ukuqhubeka kokusebenza.

Iphrojekthi eziningana eziphumelelayo zemayini yensimbi zibonisa umthelela omuhle wobuchwepheshe obusha nokusimama embonini. Imayini yensimbi iSimandou eGuinea iyiphrojekthi ehamba phambili elindeleke ukuthi yandise kakhulu ukuhlinzekwa kwe-ore esezingeni eliphezulu emhlabeni wonke. Ukuthuthukiswa kwayo kuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu bokumba kanye nokugxila ekuphathweni kwemvelo, okubeka isibonelo samaphrojekthi esikhathi esizayo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaphrojekthi abenzi abahamba phambili e-Australia nase-Brazil abonisa izinzuzo zokuhlanganisa i-automation nezixazululo ezithuthukisiwe zokucubungula amaminerali njengezivela ku-广州市银鸥选矿科技有限公司. Lawa maphrojekthi athole amazinga aphezulu okuphulukisa, anciphise umthelela emvelweni, futhi athuthukise inzuzo yezezimali.

Ukufunda kulezi zindaba ezibuyekezwayo kusiza izinkampani zezimayini ukuthi zithuthukise ukusebenza kwazo futhi zihambisane nezinqubo ezihamba phambili emhlabeni. Ezinkampanini ezithanda izixazululo ezintsha zokucubungula amaminerali, ukuhlola okunikezwa kwemikhiqizo ku-Imikhiqizo ingaba yinzuzo enkulu.

Imayela ye-iron ore iyaqhubeka nokuguquguquka, iqhutshwa yintuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, izidingo zemakethe ezishintshayo, kanye nezidingo zokuzinza ezikhulayo. Izinkampani ezamukela ubuchwepheshe obusha bokukhipha nokucubungula, ezithobela izimfuneko zomthetho, futhi ezibeka phambili izindlela ezinobungani nemvelo zizoba sesimweni esihle sokuphumelela esikhathini esizayo.

I-Guangzhou Yinocean Mineral Processing Technology Co., Ltd. ibonisa ukuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bokucubungula amaminerali nezindlela zokuzinza, enikeza izixazululo ezithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nokunakekelwa kwemvelo. Kubadlali bemboni abafuna ukuthuthukisa amakhono abo okucubungula amaminerali kanye nokuzinza kokusebenza, ukubandakanyeka nezinhlangano ezinombono onjalo kuyisinyathelo esihlakaniphile.

Ukufunda kabanzi ngobuchwepheshe obusha bokucubungula amaminerali nezixazululo zemayela ezihlobene, ukuvakashela i-Ikhaya ikhasi futhi uhlola izibuyekezo zakamuva ku Izindaba ikhasi liyatuswa. Imibuzo ethile, i-Oxhumana Naye-1 ikhasi lihlinzeka ngosekelo olunzulu.